<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html
     PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
     "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
  <title>Other grammar - Tae Kim's Japanese grammar guide</title>
  <meta name="Author" content="Tae Kim" />
  <meta name="Description" content="A guide to Japanese grammar." />
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" />

  <style type="text/css">
     @import url('style.css');
  </style>

    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="print.css" media="print" />

</head>

<body>
<h1>Some other stuff</h1>

<table align="right" cellpadding="3">
<tr align="center">
	<td>
		<a href="close_actions.html">← Previous (Actions right after)</a> |
	</td>
	<td>
		<a href="index.html#contents">Table of Contents</a>
	</td>
	<td>
		| <a href="misc.html">Next (Miscellaneous Topics) →</a>
	</td>
</tr>
</table>

<br /><br /><br />

<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr><td>
<div class="outline">
<!-- outline menu -->
<center><span class="summary">Outline</span></center>
<ol>
<li><a href="#part1">Other Grammar</a></li>
<li><a href="#part2">Using 「思いきや」 to describe something unexpected</a></li>
<li><a href="#part3">Using 「～がてら」 to do two things at one time</a></li>
<li><a href="#part4">Using 「～あげく（挙句）」 to describe a final result</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
</td></tr>
</table>

<h2 id="part1">Other Grammar</h2>
Oh my goodness, we've come at last to the end of the guide! Hopefully, you've managed to get a good grasp of how grammar works in Japanese
and how to use them to communicate your thoughts in the Japanese way. In this final section, we'll be covering some left-over grammar that I couldn't fit into a
larger category. Don't worry, this won't be the absolute end as there will be an additional miscellaneous section that will contain all sorts of useful information about other various
aspects of the language.

<h2 id="part2">Using 「思いきや」 to describe something unexpected</h2>
This is a grammar I learned out of a book and was surprised to actually hear it used in real life on a number of occasions.
You use this grammar when you think one thing, but much to your astonishment, things actually turn out to be very different. You use it in the
same way as you would express any thoughts, by using the <a href="quotation.html#part3">quotation 「と」</a> and 「思う」.
The only difference is that you use 「思いきや」 instead of 「思う」. There is no tense in 「思いきや」, or rather, since the results have already
went against your expectations, the original thought is implicitly understood to be past tense.

<div class="sumbox">
<span class="summary">Using 「思いきや」 to describe something unforeseen or unexpected</span>
<ul>
<li>Attach 「思いきや」 to the thought using the <a href="quotation.html#part3">quotation 「と」</a>.
<br />例）　ある → ある<em>と</em> → あると<em>思いきや</em></li>
</ul>
</div>

<h3>Examples</h3>

<p>
（１）　昼間だから絶対<em>込んでいると思いきや</em>、一人もいなかった。
<br /> - Despite having thought that it must be crowded since it was afternoon, (surprisingly) not a single person was there.
</p>

<p>
（２）　このレストランは<em>安いと思いきや</em>、会計は5千円以上だった！
<br /> - Thought this restaurant would be cheap but (surprisingly) the bill was over 5,000 yen!
</p>

<h2 id="part3">Using 「～がてら」 to do two things at one time</h2>
This rather formal and seldom-used grammar is used to indicate that two actions were done at the same time.
The nuance is a bit difference from <a href="timeaction2.html#part4">「ながら」</a> in that some or all of the time spent on doing one
action was also used to do another action as an aside. Remember, 「ながら」 is used to describe two exactly concurrent actions.

<p>
The interesting thing about this grammar is that no verb is required. You can just attach it a noun, and the verb "to do" is inferred. For instance, "while taking a stroll"
can simply be expressed as 「散歩<em>がてら</em>」. In the case where you want to employ a different verb, you also have the option of attaching 「がてら」 to the
stem similar to the <a href="timeaction2.html#part4">「ながら」</a> usage. In addition, the verb or noun that is accompanied by 「がてら」 is the
main action while the following action is the one done on the side.
<a href="http://www.nihongo2.com/dictionary/038.html">Refer to this site</a> to see more examples and details about this grammar.
</p>


<div class="sumbox">
<span class="summary">Using 「～がてら」 to do two things at one time</span>
<ul>
<li>Attach 「がてら」 to the noun or verb stem of the main action. In case of a noun, the verb 「する」 is inferred.
<br />例）　散歩 → 散歩<em>がてら</em>
<br />例）　作る → 作<em>り</em> → 作り<em>がてら</em></li>
<li>Refer to <a href="http://www.nihongo2.com/dictionary/038.html">this site</a> for more details.</li>
</ul>
</div>

<h3>Examples</h3>

<p>
（１）　散歩<em>がてら</em>、タバコを買いに行きました。
<br /> - While taking a stroll, I also used that time to buy cigarettes.
</p>


<p>
（２）　博物館を<em>見がてら</em>に、お土産を買うつもりです。
<br /> - While seeing the museum, I plan to also use that time to buy souvenirs.
</p>


<h2 id="part4">Using 「～あげく（挙句）」 to describe a bad result</h2>
「あげく」 is a grammar used to describe a result, usually negative, that came about after a great deal of effort.
The rule for this grammar is very simple. You modify the verb or noun that was carried out with 「あげく」 and then describe
the final result that came about from that verb or noun. Because this grammar is used to describe a result from an
action already completed, it is used with the past tense of the verb.
「あげく」 is essentially treated the same as any noun. In other words, you would need the 「の」 particle to modify another noun.

<p>「あげくの果て」 is another stronger version of this grammar.
<a href="http://www.nihongo2.com/dictionary/002.html">Refer to this site</a> to see more examples and details about this grammar.</p>


<div class="sumbox">
<span class="summary">Using 「～あげく」 to describe a final result</span>
<ul>
<li>Attach 「あげく」 to the verb or noun created the end result （「の」 particle is required for nouns）
<br />例） けんか → けんか<em>のあげく</em>
<br />例） 考えた → 考えた<em>あげく</em></li>
<li>Refer to <a href="http://www.nihongo2.com/dictionary/002.html">this site</a> for more details.</li>
</ul>
</div>

<h3>Examples</h3>
The brackets show what is being implied by the grammar.
<p>
（１）　事情を2時間かけて説明をした<em>あげく</em>、納得してもらえなかった。
<br /> - [After a great deal of] explaining the circumstances for 2 hours, [in the end], couldn't receive understanding.
</p>


<p>
（２）　先生と相談の<em>あげく</em>、退学することにした。
<br /> - [After much] consulting with teacher, [in the end], decided on dropping out of school.
</p>

<div class="botmenu">
<table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="15">
  <tr>
    <td><a href="close_actions.html">← Previous (Actions right after)</a></td>
    <td><a href="index.html#contents">Table of Contents</a></td>
    <td><a href="misc.html">Next (Miscellaneous Topics) →</a></td>
  </tr>
</table>
</div>
<br />
<div class="footer">
<!-- Creative Commons License -->
<a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" border="0" src="http://creativecommons.org/images/public/somerights20.gif" /></a><br />
This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/">Creative Commons License</a>.
<!-- /Creative Commons License -->


<!--

<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://web.resource.org/cc/"
    xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
<Work rdf:about="">
   <dc:type rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text" />
   <license rdf:resource="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/" />
</Work>

<License rdf:about="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/">
   <permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Reproduction" />
   <permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Distribution" />
   <requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Notice" />
   <requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/Attribution" />
   <prohibits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/CommercialUse" />
   <permits rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/DerivativeWorks" />
   <requires rdf:resource="http://web.resource.org/cc/ShareAlike" />
</License>

</rdf:RDF>

-->
<p class="copyright">Copyright &copy; 2003-2007 Tae Kim (taekim.japanese AT gmail.com)</p>
<p>
<a href="http://www.guidetojapanese.org/forum/viewforum.php?id=18">Report a correction or suggestion for this page</a>
</p>
</div>

<div class="small" style="text-align:right;"><pre>This page has last been revised on 2005/7/12</pre></div>

</body>
</html>
